References
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146
Ackermann, F., Eden, C., & Cropper, S. (1990). Cognitive mapping: A user’s guide.
Working Paper No. 12, Department of Management Science, University of
Strathclyde, UK.
Anderson, N., Herriot, P., & Hodgkinson, G.P. (2001). The practitioner-researcher divide
in industrial, work and organizational (IWO) psychology: Where are we now and
where do we go from here? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,
74, 391-411.
Argyris, C. (1999). On organizational learning (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Axelrod, R. (Ed.) (1976). Structure of decisions: The cognitive maps of political elites.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Barr, P.S. (1998). Adapting to unfamiliar environmental events: A look at the evolution
of interpretation and its role in strategic change. Organization Science, 9, 644-669.
Barr, P.S., & Huff, A.S. (1997). Seeing isn’t believing: Understanding diversity in the
timing of strategic response. Journal of Management Studies, 34, 337-370.
Barr, P.S., Stimpert, J.L., & Huff, A.S. (1992). Cognitive change, strategic action, and
organizational renewal. Strategic Management Journal, 13(Special Issue), 15-36.
Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G., & Freeman, L.C. (1992). UCINET IV version 1.0. Columbia:
Analytic Technologies.
Bougon, M., Weick, K., & Binkhorst, D. (1977). Cognition in organizations: An analysis
of the utrecht jazz orchestra. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 606-639.
Budhwar, P.S. (2000). Strategic integration and devolvement of human resource management
in the UK manufacturing sector. British Journal of Management, 11, 285-302.
Budhwar, P.S., & Sparrow, P.R. (2002). Strategic HRM through the cultural looking glass:
Mapping the cognition of British and Indian managers. Organization Studies, 23,
599-638.
Calori, R., Johnson, G., & Sarnin, P. (1994). CEOs’ cognitive maps and the scope of the
organization. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 437-457.
Calori, R., Johnson, G., & Sarnin, P. (1992). French and British top managers’ understanding
of the structure and the dynamics of their industries: A cognitive analysis and
comparison. British Journal of Management, 3, 61-78.
Cannon-Bowers, J.A., & Salas, E. (2001). Reflections on shared cognition. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 22, 195-202.
Clarke, I., & Mackaness, W. (2001). Management ‘Intuition’: An interpretive account of
structure and content of decision schemas using cognitive maps. Journal of
Management Studies, 38, 147-172.
Clarkson, G., Hodgkinson, G.P., & Fearfull, A. (2001). A conceptual framework for the
study of call centre environments from a sensemaking perspective. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the British Academy of Management, Cardiff,
UK.
Cossette, P., & Audet, M. (1992). Mapping of an idiosyncratic schema. Journal of
Management Studies, 29, 325-347.
Cropper, S., Eden, C., & Ackermann, F. (1990). Keeping sense of accounts using
computer-based cognitive maps. Social Science Computer Review, 8, 345-366.
Daniels, K., de Chernatony, L., & Johnson, G. (1995). Validating a method for mapping
managers’ mental models of competitive industry structures. Human Relations, 48,
975-991.
Daniels, K., & Johnson. G. (2002). On trees and triviality traps: Locating the debate on
the contribution of cognitive mapping to organizational research. Organization
Studies, 23, 73-81.
Daniels, K., Johnson, G., & de Chernatony, L. (2002). Task and institutional influences
on managers’ mental models of competition. Organization Studies, 23, 31-62.
de Chernatony, L., Daniels, K., & Johnson, G. (1993). A cognitive perspective on
managers’ perceptions of competition. Journal of Marketing Management, 9, 373-
381.
Diesner, J., & Carley, K.M. (2005). Revealing social structure from texts: Meta-matrix text
analysis as a novel method for network text analysis. In V.K. Narayanan & D.J.
Armstrong (Eds.), Causal mapping for information systems and technology
research: Approaches, advances and illustrations (pp.81-108). Hershey, PA: Idea
Group Publishing.
Diffenbach, J. (1982). Influence diagrams for complex strategic issues. Strategic Management
Journal, 3, 133-146.
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. (1991). Management research: An introduction.
London: Sage.
Eco, U. (1979). A theory of semiotics. Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press.
Eden, C. (1992). On the nature of cognitive maps. Journal of Management Studies,
29(Special Issue), 261-265.
Eden, C., & Ackermann, F. (1998a). Making strategy: The journey of strategic management.
London: Sage.
Eden, C., & Ackermann, F. (1998b). Analysing and comparing idiographic cause maps.
In C. Eden & J. C. Spender (Eds.), Managerial and organizational cognition:
Theory, methods and research (pp. 192-209). London: Sage.
Eden, C., Ackermann, F., & Cropper, S. (1992). The analysis of cause maps. Journal of
Management Studies, 29, 309-324.
Eden, C., Jones, S., & Sims, D. (1983). Messing about in problems: An informal structured
approach to their identification and management. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Eden, C., Jones, S., & Sims, D. (1979). Thinking in organizations. London: Macmillan.
Eden, C., & Spender, J. C. (1998). Managerial and organizational cognition: Theory,
methods and research. London: Sage.
Fahey, L., & Narayanan, V.K. (1989). Linking changes in revealed causal maps and
environmental changes: An empirical study. Journal of Management Studies,
26(Special Issue), 361-378.
Fiol, C.M. (1989). A semiotic analysis of corporate language: Organizational boundaries
and joint venturing. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 277-303.
Fiol, C.M., & Huff, A.S. (1992). Maps for managers: Where are we? Where do we go from
here? Journal of Management Studies, 29, 267-286.
Fombrun, C. J., & Zajac, E. J. (1987). Structural and perceptual influences on intraindustry
stratification. Academy of Management Journal, 30, 33-50.
Ford, J.D., & Hegarty, W.H. (1984). Decision makers’ beliefs about the causes and effects
of structure: An exploratory study. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 271-291.
Fournier, V. (1996). Cognitive maps in the analysis of personal change during work role
transition. British Journal of Management, 7, 87-105.
Gill, J., & Johnson, P. (1991). Research methods for managers. London:
Chapman.
Gillan, D.J., Breedin, S.D., & Cooke, N.M. (1992). Network and multidimensional representations
of the declarative knowledge of human-computer interface design
experts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 36, 587-615.
Gillan, D.J., & Schvaneveldt, R.W. (1999). Applying cognitive psychology: Bridging the
gulf between basic research and cognitive artefacts. In F.T. Durso, R.S. Nickerson,
R.W. Schvaneveldt, S.T. Dumais, D.S. Lindsay & M.T.H. Chi (Eds.), Handbook of
applied cognition (pp. 3-31). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
© 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written
permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
Ginsberg, A. (1989). Construing the business portfolio: A cognitive model of diversification.
Journal of Management Studies, 26(Special Issue), 417-438.
Goldberg, J. (1996). The Distrat/Askmap Suite of programs for cause map analysis: A
user’s guide. Retrieved from the WWW at: http://www.goldmark.org/jeff/programs/
distrat/software/drdoclet.ps.gz
Green, D.W., & McManus, I.C. (1995). Cognitive structural models: The perception of
risk and prevention in coronary heart disease. British Journal of Psychology, 86,
321-336.
Gripsrud, G., & Gronhaug, K. (1985). Structure and strategy in grocery retailing: A
sociometric approach. Journal of Industrial Economics, XXXIII, 339-347.
Harary, F., Norman, R.Z., & Cartwright, D. (1965). Structural models: An introduction
to the theory of directed graphs. New York: Wiley.
Hart, J. (1976). Comparative cognition: Politics of international control of the oceans. In
R. Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision: The cognitive maps of political elites (pp.
180-220). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hodgkinson, G.P. (2002). Comparing managers’ mental models of competition: Why selfreport
measures of belief similarity won’t do. Organization Studies, 23, 63-72.
Hodgkinson, G. P. (2001). The psychology of strategic management: Diversity and
cognition revisited. In C.L. Cooper & I.T. Robertson (Eds.), International review
of industrial and organizational psychology, vol. 16 (pp.65-119). Chichester, UK:
Wiley.
Hodgkinson, G. P. (1997a). Cognitive inertia in a turbulent market: The case of UK
residential estate agents. Journal of Management Studies, 34, 921-945.
Hodgkinson, G. P. (1997b). The cognitive analysis of competitive structures: A review
and critique. Human Relations, 50, 625-654.
Hodgkinson, G. P., Bown, N.J., Maule, A. J., Glaister, K. W., & Pearman, A. D. (1999).
Breaking the frame: An analysis of strategic cognition and decision making under
uncertainty. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 977-985.
Hodgkinson, G.P., & Herriot, P. (2002). The role of psychologists in enhancing organizational
effectiveness. In I. T. Robertson, M. Callinan & D. Bartram (Eds.),
Organizational effectiveness: The role of psychology (pp. 45-60). Chichester, UK:
Wiley.
Hodgkinson, G.P., Herriot, P., & Anderson, N. (2001). Re-aligning the stakeholders in
management research: Lessons from industrial, work and organizational psychology.
British Journal of Management, 12(Special Issue), S41-S48.
Hodgkinson, G.P., & Maule, A.J. (2002). The individual in the strategy process: Insights
from behavioural decision research and cognitive mapping. In A.S. Huff & M.
Jenkins (Eds.), Mapping strategic knowledge (pp.196-219). London: Sage.
Hodgkinson, G.P., Maule, A.J., & Bown, N.J. (2004). Causal cognitive mapping in the
organizational strategy field: A comparison of alternative elicitation procedures.
Organizational Research Methods, 7, 3-26.
Hodgkinson, G.P., Padmore, J., & Tomes, A.E. (1991). Mapping consumers’ cognitive
structures: A comparison of similarity trees with multidimensional scaling and
cluster analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 25(7), 41-60.
Hodgkinson, G.P., & Sparrow, P.R. (2002). The competent organization: A psychological
analysis of the strategic management process. Buckingham, UK: Open University
Press.
Hodgkinson, G.P., & Thomas, A.B. (Eds.) (1997). Thinking in organizations. Journal of
Management Studies, 34(Special issue), 845-952.
Hodgkinson, G.P., Tomes, A.E., & Padmore, J. (1996). Using consumers’ perceptions for
the cognitive analysis of corporate-level competitive structures. Journal of Strategic
Marketing, 4, 1-22.
Huff, A.S. (Ed.) (1990). Mapping strategic thought. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Huff, A.S., & Fletcher, K.E. (1990). Conclusion: Key mapping decisions. In A. S. Huff
(Ed.), Mapping strategic thought (pp. 403-412). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Huff, A.S., Narapareddy, V., & Fletcher, K.E. (1990). Coding the causal association of
concepts. In A. S. Huff (Ed.), Mapping strategic thought (pp. 311-325). Chichester,
UK: Wiley.
Jasinski, D.W., & Huff, A.S. (2002). Using as knowledge-based system to study strategic
options. In A. S. Huff & M. Jenkins (Eds.), Mapping strategic knowledge (pp. 237-
267). London: Sage.
Jenkins, M. (1998). The theory and practice of comparing causal maps. In C. Eden & J.C.
Spender (Eds.), Managerial and organizational cognition: Theory, methods and
research (pp. 231-249). London: Sage.
Jenkins, M., & Johnson, G. (1997a). Linking managerial cognition and organizational
performance: A preliminary investigation using causal maps. British Journal of
Management, 8(Special Issue), S77-S90.
Jenkins, M., & Johnson, G. (1997b). Entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes: A comparative
causal mapping study. Journal of Management Studies, 34, 895-920.
Kelly, G.A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs (in 2 volumes). New York:
Norton.
Kemmerer, B., Buche, M., & Narayanan, V.K. (2001). Deriving revealed causal maps from
non-traditional source documents: Challenges and methodological extensions.
Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington,
DC.
Langfield-Smith, K. (1992). Exploring the need for a shared cognitive map. Journal of
Management Studies, 29, 349-368.
Langfield-Smith, K., & Wirth, A. (1992). Measuring differences between cognitive maps.
Journal of the Operational Research Society, 43, 1135-1150.
Lant, T.K., & Shapira, Z. (Eds.) (2001). Organizational cognition: Computation and
interpretation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Laukkanen, M. (1994). Comparative cause mapping of organizational cognitions. Organization
Science, 5, 322-343.
Laukkanen, M. (1998). Conducting causal mapping research: Opportunities and challenges.
In C. Eden & J.C. Spender (Eds.), Managerial and organizational cognition:
Theory, methods and research (pp. 168-191). London: Sage.
Markóczy, L. (2001). Consensus formation during strategic change. Strategic Management
Journal, 22, 1013-1031.
Markóczy, L. (1997). Measuring beliefs: Accept no substitutes. Academy of Management
Journal, 40, 1228-1242.
Markóczy, L. (1995). States and belief states. The International Journal of Human
Resource Management, 6, 249-270.
Markóczy, L., & Goldberg, J. (1995). A method for eliciting and comparing causal maps.
Journal of Management, 21, 305-333.
Maule, A.J., Hodgkinson, G.P., & Bown, N.J. (2003). Cognitive mapping of causal
reasoning in strategic decision making. In D. Hardman & L. Macchi (Eds.),
Thinking: Psychological perspectives on judgment and decision making (pp. 253-
272). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Meindl, J.R., Stubbart, C., & Porac, J.F. (Eds.) (1994). Cognition. Organization Science,
5(Special Issue), 288-477.
Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd edition). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mohammed, S., Klimoski, R., & Rentsch, J.R. (2000). The measurement of team mental
models: We have no shared schema. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 123-65.
Nayaranan, V. K. (2005). Causal mapping: An historical overview. In V.K. Narayanan &
D.J. Armstrong (Eds.), Causal mapping for research in information technology
(pp.1-19). Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.
Narayanan, V.K., & Fahey, L. (1990). Evolution of revealed causal maps during decline:
A case study of admiral. In A. S. Huff (Ed.), Mapping strategic thought (pp. 109-
133). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Narayanan, V.K., & Kemmerer, B. (2001). A cognitive perspective on strategic management:
contributions, challenges, and implications. Paper presented at Annual
Meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC.
Nelson, K.M., Nadkarni, S., Narayanan, V.K., & Ghods, M. (2000a). Understanding
software operations support expertise: A revealed causal mapping approach. MIS
Quarterly, 24, 475-507.
Nelson, K.M., Nelson, H.J., & Armstrong, D. (2000b). Revealed causal mapping as an
evocative method for information systems research. Proceedings of the 33rd
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
Porac, J. F., & Thomas, H. (Eds.) (1989). Managerial thinking in business environments.
Journal of Management Studies, 26(Special Issue), 323-438.
Reger, R.K., & Huff, A.S. (1993). Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective. Strategic
Management Journal, 14, 103-124.
Roberts, F.S. (1976). Strategy for the Energy Crisis: The Case of Commuter Transportation
Policy. In R. Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision: The cognitive maps of
political elites (pp. 142-179). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Roske-Hofstrand, R.J., & Papp, K.R. (1986). Cognitive networks as a guide to menu
organization: An application in the automated cockpit. Ergonomics, 29, 1301-1311.
Salancik, G.R., & Porac, J.F. (1986). Distilled ideologies: Values derived from causal
reasoning in complex environments. In H. P. Sims Jr. & D. A. Gioia Associates
(Eds.), The thinking organization: Dynamics of organizational and social cognition
(pp. 75 - 101). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Scheper, W.J., & Faber, J. (1994). Do cognitive maps make sense? Advances in Managerial
Cognition and Organizational Information Processing, 5, 165-185.
Schraagen, J.M., Chipman, S.F., & Shalin, V.L. (Eds.) (2000). Cognitive task analysis.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Schvaneveldt, R.W. (1990). Proximities, networks, and schemata. In R.W. Schvaneveldt
(Ed.), Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge organization (pp.
135-148). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Schvaneveldt, R.W., & Durso, F.T. (1981). General semantic networks. Paper presented
at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia.
Schvaneveldt, R.W., Dearholt, D.W., & Durso, F.T. (1989). Network structures in
proximity data. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation:
Advances in research and theory (Vol. 24, pp. 249-84). New York: Academic Press.
Schvaneveldt, R.W., Dearholt, D.W., & Durso, F.T. (1988). Graph theoretic foundations
of Pathfinder networks. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 15, 337-
45.
Seamster, T.L., Redding, R.E., & Kaempf, G.L. (1997). Applied cognitive task analysis
in aviation. Avebury: Aldershot.
Shadbolt, N., & Milton, N. (1999). From knowledge engineering to knowledge management.
British Journal of Management, 10, 309-322.
Sparrow, J. (1998). Knowledge in organizations: Access to thinking at work. London:
Sage.
Stubbart, C. I., & Ramaprasad, A. (1990). Comments on the empirical articles and
recommendations for future research. In A.S. Huff (Ed.), Mapping strategic
thought (pp. 251-288). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Swan, J.A. (1995). Exploring knowledge and cognitions in decisions about technological
innovation: Mapping managerial cognitions. Human Relations, 48, 1241-70.
Swan, J. (1997). Using cognitive mapping in management research: Decisions about
technical innovation. British Journal of Management, 8, 183-198.
Swan, J., & Newell, S. (1998). Making sense of technological innovations: The political
and social dynamics of cognition. In C. Eden & J.C. Spender (Eds.), Managerial
and organizational cognition: Theory, methods and research (pp. 108-129).
London: Sage.
Voyer, J., & Faulkner, R. (1989). Organizational cognition in a jazz ensemble. Empirical
Studies of the Arts, 7, 57-77.
Walsh, J.P. (1995). Managerial and organizational cognition: Notes from a trip down
memory lane. Organization Science, 6, 280-321.
Weick, K.E., & Bougon, M.G. (1986).Organizations as cognitive maps: Charting ways to
success and failure. In Sims, H.P., Gioia, D.A. and Associates (Eds.), The thinking
organization: Dynamics of organizational social cognition (pp. 102-135). San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.